Multiple Regression Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Multiple Regression - Term Paper Example Oftentimes, when a model is too simple that it only contains one independent variable, such a model is of limited value because the predictions made from such models are too inaccurate to be useful in a real-world setting. Thus, when one wants to be able to predict an outcome at a more precise level, it is more advantageous to use the information that may be provided by two or more variables in an explanatory framework (Burt, Barber, & Rigby, 2009). Thus, multiple regression analysis should allow an analyst to arrive at better predictions. For example, a student may want to find out the perfect model to getting high grades in school. Using the results of his individual exams as the dependent variable, he may hypothesize that amount of time spent studying, amount of sleep taken the night before the exam, amount of beer drank the night before the exam, caloric intake (or a fancy phrase for how heavy his meal was) prior to taking the exam, and even the presence of his lucky rabbitâ€⠄¢s foot are possible factors for scoring well in the exam. Using multiple regression analysis, the student may find out that amount of time spent studying, amount of sleep taken the night before the exam, and amount of beer drank the night before the exam are significant predictors of his exam scores. ... For example, oncologists may be interested in the best predictors of lung cancer, educators may want to know what are the best predictors of SAT scores, and psychologists would want to find out which factors best predict depression among a particular age group. These questions may all be answered with the help of multiple regression. 2.0 Computational approach The main goal of linear regression, in this case, multiple regression, is to be able to fit a regression line through a number of given points (Wang & Jain, 2003). This regression line is sometimes called the line of best fit and this is the line that represents the regression model of a given problem. These points are usually best represented graphically in a scatter plot. While it is quite easy to produce a scatter plot when there is only one independent and one dependent variable, multiple regression presents the challenge of having more than one independent variable thus making the practice of making a scatterplot impractic al (Dekking, 2005). 2.1 Least Squares In regression modeling, the basic estimation procedure used is the least squares method (Black, 2010). Since the main goal of linear regression is to fit a line through the points, least squares estimation is used to compute this line in such a way that the squared deviations of the observed points from this line are minimized (Wang & Jain, 2003). 2.2 The Regression Equation The bivariate form of simple linear regression produces a two-dimensional line in a two-dimensional space. This equation is defined by: Y = a + bX, where Y is the dependent variable being forecasted by the regression model, X is the independent variable

Methodology and questionnaires Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Methodology and questionnaires - Essay Example This could be due to a plethora of reasons- like gender discrimination, perceived lack of female managerial qualifications/experience, bias shown towards women showing that they are emotionally not competent to occupy managerial positions, perceived threats of male colleagues during promotions, sexual harassment, need to devote time for household work, inability to work at odd hours and night hours, restricted mobility, etc, All these factors combine to create situations in which the situation of women may be marginalised or even threatened by the hierarchy or the work culture and ethos of the institution. There are several aspects for methodology to be carried out and they use the multiple data collection system. The multiple systems could entail both qualitative and quantitative surveys. The quantitative methodology invokes use of statistical and other measures of quantitative analysis whereas, the qualitative would be in terms of structured interviews. Structured interviews are of standard format which entail open ended or closed ended questionnaires. Open ended questions would give the respondents scope for expressing themselves more verbally than closed ends, in which the questions would respond with either Yes or No. This is important because in a study of this kind, in which both quantitative and qualitative data need to be gathered and expounded, qualitative data need to be structured, open ended and amenable to further research and interpretations. 1. Methodology to deal with Research Question No.1: This research question deals with the need to create new management part time jobs to accommodate women into these positions and make better and more productive use of the women work force’s This could be done though face-to-face interviews with the Top Directors and Senior Management Team of the company regarding the induction of newly created vacancies for women in management positions. The interviews with such executives would be able to throw light

How Musical Theatre Has Developed

How Musical Theatre Has Developed To discuss the historical development of musical theatre, this report will present an analysis of Leonard Bernsteins musical West Side Story. It will demonstrate how the 1961 screen version has been adapted for the stage in the 2009 Broadway revival to suit modern day audiences and show its reflection through time with the use of ideas and different styles as well as social and economic influences affecting the works. The conflict between the two rival gangs that is so central to the story could be further interpreted as a conflict between Catholic and Jewish communities, which was Bernsteins intention in the beginning. However, Bernstein seized on the idea that current racial tensions in New York caused by immigrants from Puerto Rico would provide a more powerful story and he undoubtedly saw that this would also offer him the opportunity to use a range of Latin-American dance rhythms, for he later said: it all sprang to life. I heard rhythms and pulses, and most of all I could sort of feel the form. (Bernstein, 2009, p.58) Much about West Side Story in that time was new and revolutionary. Instead of the old fashioned romance, akin to the earlier musicals, this is a story of bleak despair. Extended dance sequences convey the drama, and in a place of rousing finals, both acts end in murder. Although Shakespeares text is not used, his characters are clearly identifiable: They say Shakespeares plays are timeless because they still speak to the human condition today (Fischbach, 2010) Accordingly Arthur Laurent, author of the original book, got a second chance at his creation, and turned the 2009 Broadway West Side Story revival into the musical he always wanted to make. The Daily Telegraph found: There is nothing new about this production of West Side Story aside from the hot young cast and it is a prime example of why new is not always best. (Lalak, 2010) Social constraints of the time prevented certain usage of language, so some dialogue and lyrics were delivered in Spanish. This made a considerable difference without substantially changing the story. Laurent has given the show a more intimate feeling and made the Puerto Rican Sharks and their girls, more complete as characters. They are frustrated as strangers in their own land, and the use of Spanish immediately evokes their separation from the English-speaking Jets and their girls. The fundamental problems havent changed much since the start of West Side Story 50 years ago, as we continue to wrestle with new cultures arriving. More importantly, though, this production sets the story of the two gangs and a brief and star-crossed love affair between Maria and Tony as a young persons game. The casting here has made the lovers, both breathtaking in their roles, enormously youthful, which gives us more gleeful moments. It isnt to be, of course, but from the moment West Side Story begins with the legendary dance prologue through the neighbourhood, faithfully reproduced by Joey McKneely from the original choreography by Jerome Robbins, the show glows with redolent memories and enchants with brilliant new moments. It plays against a remarkably flexible set by James Youmans, used for maximum effectiveness by director David Saint. the fundamental problem with the show is its depiction of gang violence and the mean streets of New York.: as being said in the Mercury News. (Craig, 2010) That was always a signature of West Side Story, even in the 1961 screen version, but still well presented with fantastic dance sequences which were half-danced and half-mimed. This new form of dance became a visual symbol of a mode of thought. What the characters were feeling and thinking was expressed by their movement and their identities became inseparable from it. However, when the movie was released in 1961 it wasnt the dance which made a big impression, but the social tensions. It showed a fight for urban space, a space that has already been impregnated with cultural symbols and political significations for the relations, interactions, and social actions according to the American Way of Life. In this sense, the movie projected how the Puerto Rican migration to New York City in the forties and fifties not only took over the order of the Anglo-Americans, but how it also constitutes a threat for the assumed monolithic identity of the Anglo-American subject. New York City was shown as a divided territory, economically, racially, and ethnically. Each social-economic group inhabited a space and even neighbourhood border crossings were avoided. West Side Story is up to date not only because of its lengthy dance numbers, emotionally drenched songs and scores, and a contemporary plot that speaks so much of the place and time where the story took place, but also because we are now in a place and time where social-economic issues continue to prevail in every household and community and where racial discrimination is still rampant. The new Broadway revival speaks not only of this shows unwavering popularity but also of the timeliness of the message it delivers, a message of love, peace and harmonious co-existence regardless of race and social-economic backgrounds. This message clearly transcends five decades of an ever-changing political, economic, social and cultural landscape and is still relevant up to this day. West Side Story shows how dancing, acting, singing and design could blend together in unity. Whether its an old version of the musical or a new one, we might say that: it marked the most impressive body of choreography in a single show, and it was acclaimed as Leonard Bernsteins strongest work for the Broadway stage. (Garebein, 2000, p.9)

What is a Distribution Channel? :: Organizations, Production, Shipping

A distribution channel is organizations joined together in the process of making products available to consumers. An effective distribution channel can help improve company sales while lowering costs. An ineffective distribution strategy can be very costly to a company and might even cause financial troubles. This paper will take a look at the logistics, production and shipping strategies of Colgate-Palmolive. This paper will also discuss the marketing channels and areas the Colgate Company can improve on. Logistics, Production and Shipping Having an effective logistics, production and shipping strategy can give companies an advantage over their competitors. Producing and getting products to customers can be costly. Having an effective strategy can help reduce costs and increase profits. Colgate works closely with suppliers in order to increase quality, cost effectiveness and innovation. The company only chooses to work with suppliers that share the same values as the Colgate-Palmolive company (Colgate, 2011). Over the years Colgate-Palmolive has had to take a look at the number of plants the company had and where those plants were located. The company sells products in over two hundred countries and has plants located in different regions around the world. Since 2004 Colgate reduced the number of plants they operated worldwide (Colgate, 2011). The company started to use contract manufacturing rather than doing its own manufacturing (Trunick, 2011). By making these changes the company has been able to control costs more and become more profitable. Products need to find a way from manufacturing plants to the customers. Colgate uses several ocean containers, truckload shipments and smaller truck shipments (Trunick, 2011). Shipping costs can be very costly. With some plants closing travel miles from the plant to the customer grew. Rising gas prices along with the extra miles caused costs to rise (Trunick, 2011). Marketing Channels According to Berry (2010) â€Å"in its most simplistic form, a marketing channel performs the work of moving goods from producers to consumers.† According to Quelch and Laidler (2011) â€Å"In 1987, traditional food stores sold 75% of oral care products, but by 1992 they accounted for only 43% of toothbrush sales and 47% of toothpaste sales.† The distribution strategy for Colgate is through large retail stores, grocery stores, drug stores, dentists and plastic surgeons. Colgate has been very successful in positioning Colgate products in store locations where they would gain customers attention (Khurana, 2010).

Research Outline

Submitted by : Group 5 Topic: Mussel Shells, Crab carapace and PVC as an alternate aggregate and filler in concrete making Research Outline I. Problem and its background (chapter 1) A. Introduction 1. Concrete Fillers and Aggregates a. Composition of Aggregates b. Different Kinds of Filler 2. Mussel shells, Crab carapace and PVC as alternative aggregates and fillers a. Similarities of Mussel shells, Crab carapace and PVC’s to other aggregates and fillers b. Advantages and disadvantages of using Mussel shells, Crab carapace and PVC’s as aggregates and fillers for concretes B.Rationale of the study C. Significance of the study D. Hypothesis II. Review of Related Literature (chapter 2) A. Nature of the Subject (background) 1. Crustaceans a. Cancer Pagurus b. Scylla serrate 2. Mollusks a. Perna viridis more commonly known as the Asian Green Mussels b. Perna canalicula more commonly known as the Green Lipped Mussels B. Related Studies 1. Characterization of Calcium Carbonate Obtained from Oyster and Mussel Shells and Incorporation in Polypropylene a. alcium carbonate in mussel and oyster shells used in the formulation of medicine, in construction or as filler in polymer materials b. calcium carbonate from mussel and oyster shells and used as filler in polypropylene compared their properties with polypropylene and commercial calcium carbonate composites. C. Info Sources III. Methodology A. Experimental Design Used 1. Brittleness of shells induced by heating in microwave a. One hour of treatment b. 18 Shells B. 6 samples for Mussel shells, Crab Carapace and PVC C. MaterialsD. Procedure Submitted by : Group 5 Submitted To: Mrs. Bernardino Score: Proposal Sections of Research Methodology I. Overview of research design A. Mussel shells, Crab Carapace and PVC abundance B. aggregates and fillers in concrete 1. Components of aggregates and fillers 2. Similar qualities of components C. Procedures in making Concrete Aggregates and Fillers D. Application of Muss el shells, Crab Carapace and PVC’s into Aggregates and Fillers. II.Questions/ queries about the topic A. Are Mussel shells, Crab Carapace and PVC strong enough to hold as fillers and aggregates? B. What kind of Mussel shells, Crab Carapace and PVC will be best in making fillers and aggregates? C. Will the Aggregates made out of Mussel shells, Crab Carapace and PVC be able to withstand strong force? III. Boundary Setting Procedures A. Shells, Carapaces, and PVC’s 1. Shells, carapaces and PVC’s to be used will be limited to the â€Å"left-over† components of each after the edible parts are consumed. . Shells, carapaces and PVC’s to be used will not exceed six per subject IV. Action Processes V. Subjects A. Crustaceans 1. Cancer Pagurus 2. Scylla serrate B. Mollusks 1. Perna viridis more commonly known as the Asian Green Mussels 2. Perna canalicula more commonly known as the Green Lipped Mussels VI. Study rigor validity, reliability/ trustworthiness, authenticity VII. Assumptions and study limitations A. Crabs, Mussels and PVCs 1. Value for each subject 2. Accessibility to the types of subject VIII. Timetable

Psychology Quiz: The Case of Ralph Tortorici Essay

In 1994, Ralph Tortorici, 26 years old, took a class hostage and ended up shooting one student in the leg and the groin. This kind of act could easily be categorized as one that would be surely convicted to a prison sentence of no less than 15 years. However, Ralph Tortorici’s case was not just because of rage and aggression; it was caused by mental illness – delusion disorder. How the court dealt with Ralph’s case is where things went wrong, and made it a torturous journey for him, ending when he took his life three years after his conviction, by hanging himself in his cell. He was sentenced to 20-47 years in prison, rather than to be sent to a mental institution. Two years before this incident, Ralph showed evidence of mental illness, and was well documented as he went to a university health worker and a state trooper for aid. He claims that a microchip is implanted in his penis as a part of a government experiment, and he could not take it anymore. He claims to hear voices from this microchip, telling him what to do. With such, actions should have been immediately made to intercede Ralph’s delusions, which perhaps wouldn’t have worsened, and more significantly, he might be still alive today. One fact I have learned about insanity defense is that pleading not guilty by reason of insanity isn’t by far the easy way out. Once an individual pleads not guilty by reason of insanity, this person is monitored by the state for the rest of his life. They must report to the state, and they become attached to the state until they die. So unless one is really mentally ill, lawyers do not advise their clients to plead not guilty by reason of insanity. Work Cited â€Å"A Crime of Insanity†. 17 Oct 2002. Pbs. org. 13 Jun 2009. .

6 Steps to Solve Math Problems

6 Steps to Solve Math Problems The ability to solve math problems not only boosts ones abstract thinking, it is also a marketable skill in the workplace as many employers require that their employees have taken several math courses in college. Problem solving is a process of finding the solutions to difficult issues. Whether or not a student major in math, either at the college or university level, being able to solve math problems is very beneficial. The ability to solve math problems not only boosts ones abstract thinking, it is also a marketable skill in the workplace as many employers require that their employees have taken several math courses in college. THE ART OF EFFECTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING Though solving math problems seems awfully tedious in nature or even overly difficult to the novice, the practice is essentially solving a problem. And whenever a problem emerges, there is at least one solution to that problem. There is a multitude of ways to solve a math problem. It involves visualizing, approaching and solving math problems in a detailed set of instructions the student should refer to in the event a math problem seems insurmountable. These Are the Best Steps to Follow: STEP 1. Determine the kind of math the problem is calling for. Does this particular math problem call for multiplying fractions? Solving algebraic equations? Solving quadratic equations? Knowing where to start and what school of math is being incorporated is key in helping the student solve their problem. STEP 2. Review what has already been covered in the math course for which this particular assignment, or math problem, has been given. If it’s a specific formula, or set of formulas, that the problem calls for, more than likely the student can find the formula in the chapters or sections their professor has already covered over the course of the term or semester. Most academic institutions offer numerous resources for students struggling with math problems. STEP 3. Begin to solve the problem, apply knowledge and skills already learned in the course. Identify what the problem is calling for and read the directions, if they are present, very carefully. At times, the system of â€Å"guess and check† may help; in other cases, use objects and other such tools to model the problem – sometimes a visual illustration of the problem may serve the student best. Look for patterns, use logical reasoning, and work backward, if possible. STEP 4. Write down and show each step. Sometimes, by writing down their work, the student who may be a visual learner may best solve their problem – or this may overcome a set of obstacles standing in their way of solving the problem. This tactic allows the student to track and even double-check their approach to the problem as well as their mental process of getting the needed results. The student who is struggling with a math assignment must never attempt to solve the entire problem in their head. STEP 5. Verify that the answer is correct and makes sense to the student if they are in the future tested on solving such math problems.  Often in most textbooks, in math courses, especially, the answer is in the back of the book – that is if an assignment is taken directly from the textbook. STEP 6. The student must always remember that their professor’s job is to help them understand the math that the course calls for. So, the student should approach their professor in the event a math problem presents difficulties. Most academic institutions employ the student body’s most skilled math students as tutors for students whose strengths are not math-oriented. This kind of service is often incorporated in the student’s tuition, so they should certainly take advantage of it. PROBLEM SOLVING  SKILLS PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES If you are unable to cope with a math problem or have not been able to get a proper explanation of the material, send us your assignment instructions and attach relevant files. Our support staff will review your instructions and will recommend a writer with a suitable background, who will ensure that the paper is properly written and that your math problem is solved correctly. Just place an order and get your professionally written paper on time.